For the purposes of this debate, global governance is defined as the system of institutions, rules, norms, and procedures that enable international cooperation on issues that cross national borders. The goal of global governance is to find and manage collective solutions to global challenges.

Post-WW2, the US contributed heavily to global governance by funding multilateral institutions like the UN through USAID and leading security co-operatives like NATO. Presently, in Trump's second term, his "America-First" ideology saw an unprecedented wholesale retreat from the US's global governance obligations.

For the purposes of this debate, the jury system refers to a sworn body of randomly selected adult citizens (jurors) in criminal courts who are convened to hear evidence, make findings of fact, and render an impartial verdict officially submitted to the court, or to set a penalty for the offender.

The jury system was imported into Singapore under colonial rule. In 1960, Singapore restricted jury trial to capital offences (i.e., offences that are punishable by death), and abolished the system altogether in 1970.

The current Gifted Education Programme (GEP) system aims to identify intellectually gifted students through a two-stage exercise in Primary 3. Those selected are invited to join one of the nine designated primary schools offering the programme. 

Starting from the 2024 Primary 1 cohort, every primary school will now be equipped with resources to identify their own high-ability students from Primary 4 to 6 and run their own school-based programmes to nurture these students in their area of strengths and interests, instead of the current centralised programme. The revamp will also take into account recommendations from teachers, instead of the current system where it is solely assessment-based. The revamp is expected to increase the number of students admitted into GEP to about 10% of each cohort, while it was previously from around 1% in the current system.